TiN/Cr/Al2O3 and TiN/Al2O3 hybrid coatings structure features and properties resulting from combined treatment

New experimental results are presented on the structure and the elemental and phase composition of hybrid coatings, which were deposited on a substrate of AISI 321 stainless steel using a combination of plasma-detonation, vacuum-arc and subsequent High-Current Electron Beam (HCEB) treatment. We found that an increase in energy density intensified mass transfer processes and resulted in changes in aluminum oxide phase composition (γ → α and β → α). Also we observed the formation of a nanocrystalline structure in Al₂O₃ coatings. Electron beam treatment of a hybrid coating surface induced higher adhesion, decreased the intensity of surface wear and increased corrosion resistance in a sulphuric acid solution. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was studied in several electrolytic solutions (0.5 M H₂SO₄, 1 M HCl, 0.75 M NaCl) using electrochemical techniques. In most cases the corrosion resistance was improved, except those in NaCl solutions. The nano-hardness of the protecting coating was 13 GPa before electron beam melting and 9 GPa after it (as a result of TiN and Al₂O₃ sub-layers mixing).     

Figure of merit for the quality of ZrO2 coatings on stainless steel and nickel-based alloy surfaces

A figure of merit (FOM) has been developed to define the quality of ceramic (e.g., ZrO₂) coatings on metal and alloy [Type 304SS and Alloy 600] surfaces. Zirconia (ZrO₂) coatings were developed as a means of protecting the metal/alloy surfaces from stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in boiling water reactor (BWR) primary heat transport circuits, by inhibiting the cathodic reaction (reduction of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide) on the surface external to the crack. The distribution of pores in the coating plays an important role in corrosion prevention, such that the lower the porosity of the coating, the better the protection afforded to the system against SCC. Since the reactors operate at high temperature (e.g., at 288 °C under full power conditions), the temperature dependence of the FOM was investigated. The figure of merit (FOM) was developed by measuring impedance data over a wide range of frequency (10 mHz-5 kHz) at temperatures of 25, 100, 200, and 288 °C in hydrogenated, buffered solutions, with the hydrogen electrode reaction (HER) being used as a “fast” redox couple. An “equivalent circuit” analog was first developed from the bare surface impedance data and this analog was then employed in a second step to model the pore bottom in defining the pore distribution on the coated surface. A lognormal distribution (LND) of the pores was assumed and the parameters of the LND were determined using a constrained optimization technique to fit the model to the experimental data for the coated surface at different temperatures. The results suggest that, as temperature increases, the coating becomes more porous, making the substrate more susceptible to corrosion cracking. At 288 °C, 87% of the SS and 85% of the Ni-alloy surfaces become porous with the pore radius varying from 0.0001 cm to 0.01 cm.     

数控车床转位刀架控制电路的改进

本文从数控车床转位刀架控制电路的改进出发，介绍了一种利用固体继电器控制的电机正反转控制电路，与传统的交流接触器控制电路相比，该电路具有工作可靠、寿命长、对外界干扰小、抗干扰能力强、并符合“本质安全性”要求等一系列特点。     

用PLC改造继电控制系统的梯形图设计与实现

PLC使用与继电器电路图极为相似的梯形图语言,用PLC来改造继电控制系统,根据继电器电路来设计梯形图是一条捷径。本文讨论了用PLC对继电控制系统进行改造时,梯形图的设计与实现及应该注意的问题,并举例作了说明。     

中继OFDMA系统用户公平性的资源分配算法的研究

在OFDMA解码—转发中继系统中,为了公平地进行资源分配,提出了在两个用户模型下,在保证每个用户最小速率需求的前提下,先按照用户预定速率比进行子载波分配,再根据实际速率比对用户的子载波进行调整的分配算法,最后使整个系统的吞吐量达到最大。提出了三种方案。方案一通过对Lagrange对偶函数问题的求解,根据所得代价函数值的大小对用户的子载波做重新调整。这样不仅考虑到了公平性,也减少了用户的速率损失。方案二、方案三分别从子载波端和用户端出发考虑子载波的分配问题,且从不同的分配角度分析了公平性问题。研究结果表明,三种方案获得的公平性均有所提高。     

基于Qt4/VS2010平台的自动测试系统

主要研究Qt4和Microsoft Visual Studio 2010作为平台的自动测试工具的开发,分析软件需求和实现方法.针对测试软件所涉及的数据处理流程,详细介绍了实现方法和步骤,并对不同的功能模块加以分析,完成软件设计和开发,最终实现了提出的自动化测试的需求.     

IMS接入网关智能路由

在数字电话交换系统中设计IMS接入网关以解决目前将语音应用接入到CM-IMS网络中等问题,其中设计接入网关的智能路由支持在IP或TDM中继故障后自动重选,根据实际需求配置中继选路的策略以达到局间通信的可靠性和费用最低的要求。介绍了IMS接入网关的应用及研究现状,阐述Asterisk的具体情况,描述了IMS接入网关智能路由的功能,并给出智能路由的详细设计,路由的属性及数据结构的定义,最后结合 Asterisk 开源项目,实现了智能路由的功能,通过实验成功验证了智能路由按费率、优先级、轮转策略选择中继及号码变换的功能,达到了通信的可靠性及低费用的要求。     

基于ARM的电磁继电器参数检测仪

针对目前市场上存在的一些电磁继电器参数检测仪器的缺点,为了能够精确采集电磁继电器的吸合电压等主要参数,采用ARM技术和上、下位机方法,设计了一款基于ARMCortex—M3芯片sTM32F103ZET6单片机控制的电磁继电器综合参数检测仪。该仪器可完成对动断、动合、转换型直流继电器的线圈电阻、触点接触电阻、最小吸合电压、最大释放电压、吸合时间、释放时间等参数的测试。     

Joint relay selection and power allocation for amplify-and-forward two-path relaying networks

This paper presents a joint relay selection and power allocation scheme for amplify-and-forward two-path relaying networks,in which diferent relay nodes forward information symbols alternatively in adjacent time slots.Our approach is based on the maximization of the received signal-to-noise ratio under total power consumption by the transmission of the symbol.We show that in spite of inter-relay interferences,the maximization problem has a closed-form solution.Simulation results explicitly indicate that the performance of proposed approach outmatches the existing methods including equal power allocation and one-path relaying.     

A suboptimal joint bandwidth and power allocation for cooperative relay networks＂ a cooperative game theoretic approach

In commercial networks, user nodes operating on batteries are assumed to be selfish to consume their resources (i.e., bandwidth and power) solely maximizing their own benefits (e.g., the received signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and datarates). In this paper, a cooperative game theoretical framework is proposed to jointly perform the bandwidth and power allocation for selfish cooperative relay networks. To ensure a fair and efficient resource sharing between two selfish user nodes, we assume that either node can act as a source as well as a potential relay for each other and either node is willing to seek cooperative relaying only if the datarate achieved through cooperation is not lower than that achieved through noncooperation (i.e., direct transmission) by consuming the same amount of bandwidth and power resource. Define the cooperative strategy of a node as the number of bandwidth and power that it is willing to contribute for relaying purpose. The two node joint bandwidth and power allocation (JBPA) problem can then be formulated as a cooperative game. Since the Nash bargaining solution (NBS) to the JBPA game (JBPAG) is computationally difficult to obtain, we divide it into two subgames, i.e., the bandwidth allocation game (BAG) and the power allocation game (PAG). We prove that both the subgames have unique NBS. And then the suboptimal NBS to the JBPAG can be achieved by solving the BAG and PAG sequentially. Simulation results show that the proposed cooperative game scheme is efficient in that the performance loss of the NBS result to that of the maximal overall data-rate scheme is small while the maximal-rate scheme is unfair. The simulation results also show that the NBS result is fair in that both nodes could experience better performance than they work independently and the degree of cooperation of a node only depends on how much contribution its partner can make to improve its own performance.